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Church
of San Nicolás
It is currently one of the oldest churches in Madrid.
The bell tower was built in 12th century; also the rest of church, but that
rest of the building was rebuilt between 15th-17th centuries. Archaeological
remains suggest that the church and its bell-tower may have been part of a
former mosque. It was
likely constructed during the 12th century. The nave and chapels were renovated
in the 17th century.
The most interesting feature of this temple is
undoubtedly its tower, dating from the 12th century except the Herrerian
style (архитектурный испанский «голый, чистый» стиль времен Ренессанса escorial style) spire tops,
made of slate(грифель/шифер) for the
18th century. This tower possibly corresponds to one of the Arab minarets
preserved in the city.
The church has two
entrances, both with jambs and lintels made of granite. The principal is a
beautiful cover Baroque carved in the 18th century by Luis
Salvador Carmona
where is the image of St. Nicholas in a relief. The whole façade is inserted in
this cover is made of brick with a layout and dimensions very different from
the rest of the building. The other is a semicircular door, inserted in a socket façade masonry flint (кремень) evolves vertically curbs brick masonry with drawers, which corresponds to the so-called "rigging Toledo"(такелаж), which also promptly displayed a dolomite-limestone masonry Tertiary. This front end on the upper level with three windows and a balcony on brick.
San
Pedro el Viejo
The initial structure was
built in the 14th century, but extensive renovations were performed, and a new
facade and portals added in the 17th and 19th centuries. It may have begun as Benedictine monastery, although the Bell-tower
has Mudéjar qualities (следы мавританского стиля), and resembles a minaret; however, present tower seems to have been
worked on in the 14th century when Madrid was firmly in Castilian hands. It was originally built by King
Alfonso XI to
celebrate his victory in the Battle of Algeciras in 1344. The church contains the tombs of Kings Alfonso I of Asturias and Ramiro II of León. San Pedro also contains the statue of Jesus known as Jesús el Pobre, or Jesus the Poor, sculpted by Juan Astorga in the late eighteenth century
San
Jerónimo el Real
The church, which has undergone numerous remodelings
and restorations over the centuries is the remaining structure of the Hieronymite
monastery that once stood beside the royal palace of Buen Retiro, of which a
portion now serves as the Prado museum.
Its proximity to the royal palace also underscores a connection to royalty,
serving for centuries as the church used for the investiture of the Prince
of Asturias
The Hieronymus (Иероним, создатель канонического латинского текста Библии) monastery had been built near the river
Manzanares, during the reign of Henry
IV of Castile (the
impotent) in the neighborhood of the El Pardo palace. But suffering due to the marshiness (болотистость) of the site, during the reign of Isabella
I, the Monastery of
the Hieronymites was moved to a site next to an incipient(зарождающегося) royal palace. The new monastery
was built in Isabelline
Gothic style. The
church was chosen for the investiture (введение в сан) of the Princes of Asturias and future king Philip
II on April 18,
1528. King Philip II moved the Spanish court to Madrid in 1561, and had the retreat enlarged to become the Palacio del Buen Retiro. He established a royal bedroom against the presbytery, such that he could hear mass from his bedroom. The Palacio del Buen Retiro was largely destroyed in the Napoleonic French occupation of Madrid. In 1808 the monks were expelled from the monastery and French troops were quartered in the monastery, causing major damage to the building, and the church was almost left in ruins.
The church contains sculptures by Benlliure, Juan Pascual de Mena’s 18th-century Cristo de la Buena Muerte, and paintings by Vincenzo Carducci and José Méndez, neo-Gothic lamps and stained-glass windows.
Chapel
of Obispo de Madrid
The Capilla del Obispo is a hugely important site on
the historical map of Madrid. It was here that San Isidro Labrador, patron
saint of Madrid, was first buried. When the saint’s body was discovered there
in the late 13th century, two centuries after his death, decomposition had not
yet set in. Thus it was that King Alfonso XI ordered the construction in San
Andrés of an ark to hold his remains and a chapel in which to venerate his
memory.
In 1669, 47 years after the saint was canonised, the last
of many chapels was built on the site and that’s what you see today. Don’t go
looking for the saint’s remains though – San Isidro made his last move to the Basílica de Nuestra Señora del Buen Consejo
in the 18th century. From Tuesday to Friday at 12.30pm, stop by for the sung
service 'Oficio del Mediodía'.
Ренессанс Мадрид
Puente de Segovia
Designed by Juan de Herrera
under commission of King Philip
II of Spain, it was built from 1582 to 1584 with a total of nine
spans. It cost 200,000 ducats. The bridge is composed of bricks of granite.
Convent
of Las Descalzas Reales
literally the "Monastery of the Royal
Barefooted", resides in the former palace of Emperor Charles V and Empress
Isabel of Portugal. Their daughter, Joanna of Austria, founded this convent of
nuns of the Poor Clare order in 1559. Throughout the remainder of the 16th
century and into the 17th century, the convent attracted young widowed or
spinster noblewomen. Each woman brought with her a dowry. The riches quickly
piled up, and the convent became one of the richest convents in all of Europe.
Tomás Luis de Victoria, Spain's finest Renaissance composer, worked at the
convent from 1587 to the end of his life in 1611.
The demographics of the convent slowly changed over
time, and by the 20th century, all of the sisters were in poverty. The convent
maintained the riches of its past, but it was forbidden to auction any of the
items off or spend any of the money it received from the dowries. The state
intervened when it saw that the sisters were poor, and the pope granted a
special dispensation to open the convent as a museum in 1960.
Among the many relics on display are putatively pieces
from Christ's cross and the bones of Saint Sebastian. Among the priceless art
masterpieces are Titian's Caesar's Money, tapestries woven to designs by
Rubens,[4] and works by Hans de Beken and Brueghel the Elder.
The compulsory guided tour (in Spanish) leads you up a
gaudily frescoed Renaissance stairway to the upper level of the cloister. The
vault was painted by Claudio Coello, one of the most important artists of the
Madrid School of the 17th century and whose works adorn San Lorenzo de El
Escorial. You then pass several of the convent's 33 chapels – a maximum of 33
Franciscan nuns is allowed to live here (perhaps because Christ is said to have
been 33 when he died) as part of a closed order. These nuns follow in the
tradition of the Descalzas Reales (Barefooted Royals), a group of illustrious(знаменитые)
women who cloistered themselves when the convent was founded in the 16th
century. The first of these chapels contains a remarkable carved figure of a
dead, reclining Christ, which is paraded in a Good Friday procession each year.
At the end of the passage is the antechoir, then the choir stalls themselves.
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